多个线程访问共享数据就会产生冲突的问题，以卖票为例，多个窗口卖同一批票就会出现重复卖的问题

  public static void main(String[] args) {
      Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
          Integer tickets = 100;
          @Override
          public void run() {
              String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
              while(tickets-- > 0) {
                  try {
                      Thread.sleep(1);
                  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
                  System.out.println(name + "正在卖票: " + tickets);
              }
          }
      };
      new Thread(runnable).start();
      new Thread(runnable).start();
      new Thread(runnable).start();
  }

解决方案一：使用同步机制，共享部分同步执行则不会出现重复操作问题

1. synchronized关键字实现代码块同步

   public static void main(String[] args) {
       Object lock = new Object();
       Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
           Integer tickets = 100;
   
           @Override
           public void run() {
               String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
               while (true) {
                   try {
                       Thread.sleep(1);
                   } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                       e.printStackTrace();
                   }
                   synchronized (lock) {
                       if (tickets <= 0) break;
                       System.out.println(name + "正在卖票: " + tickets);
                       tickets--;
                   }
               }
           }
       };
       new Thread(runnable).start();
       new Thread(runnable).start();
       new Thread(runnable).start();
   }
   

2. synchronized同步方法实现同步机制

   static Integer tickets = 100;
   public static void main(String[] args) {
       Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
           @Override
           public void run() {
               while (true) {
                   try {
                       Thread.sleep(1);
                   } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                       e.printStackTrace();
                   }
                   sellTicked();
                   if (tickets <= 0) break;
               }
           }
       };
       new Thread(runnable).start();
       new Thread(runnable).start();
       new Thread(runnable).start();
   }
   
   synchronized private static void sellTicked() {
       if (tickets <= 0) return;
       String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
       System.out.println(name + "正在卖票: " + tickets);
       tickets--;
   }
   

解决方案二：使用锁，ReentrantLock
[……]

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